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Linux is an operating system that was developed by a student by name Linus Torvalds during 1994. This person was interested in designing an enhanced version of UNIX operating system. He released the first version of the Linux kernel in 1994. The kernel is the heart of the operating system that decides the functionalities of the operating system. The Linux kernel was developed under GNU general public license. This license means that anybody can download the kernel and change the source code so that he can customize the operating system to meet his needs. This license is the major advantage of Linux operating system and aided the system programmers to develop the OS and release new versions.
Linux entered into the computer industry at the time where everybody was using the proprietary Microsoft windows operating system. When Linux was introduced to the public it was criticized as just a waste of time and it was said that it cannot compete the windows operating system. But things happened in the other way. As people were paying more money for the proprietary software they welcomed Linux as it was provided for free. Also they can change the source code to make the operating system work in the way they wish.
Linux is a full features operating system that supports multi user and multi tasking environment. The POSIX standards that were followed in UNIX is also used in the Linux operating system. Initially Linux was developed as a console operating system but then more and more programmers have developed the operating system and now it has user interface that impose a tough for the windows operating system.
All operations with the operating system are done with user accounts. The root is the super user and has unlimited access to the system kernel. Linux also provides facilities for restricting the access for specific users who don’t perform system tasks. This restriction is crucial since the ignorant users are prevented from accidentally or intentionally affecting the kernel.
Linux is very suitable for developers who want to make wonders with the open source code. Initially during the development phase beginners avoided using Linux since they needed a WYSIWYG environment. Now Linux has excellent GUI interface so that even beginners can use it effectively. Linux can run on any hardware since the kernel is very light and all additional features are available only as plug ins. Those who have older systems can use the advantage of the existing hardware and use Linux as the operating system.
The Linux console is very simple and you just need to know the various commands for operating the files. Linux is distributed in different packages and they all differ in the way the kernel is designed and the associated packages. The major distributions include Red hat, SUSE, Ubuntu and mandriva Linux. These distributions include the kernel, GNU libraries and tools, documentation, window system and manager, desktop and other additional software. Linux servers provide more advantage for file hosting services and most of the servers in the internet industry host the Linux operating system.
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